0103027

0103027

KontraS

Unite to Struggle

for Human Rights

and Democracy

KontraS

KOMISI UNTUK ORANG HILANG DAN KORBAN TINDAK KEKERASAN

LATAR BELAKANG

Dua tahun sebelum berdiriannya, harapan untuk membangun sebuah masyarakat baru di bawah sistem kekuasaan yang demokratis hampir-hampir terkuburkan, ketika pada tahun 1996, politik otoriterian tidak hanya menghancurkan aspirasi politik independen tapi juga memberangus apa yang disebut dengan “Arus bawah” sebagai kelanjutan dari perisitiwa 27 Juli 1996. Korban-korban tidak hanya partai-partai politik, namun hampir semua orgaņisasi-organiasasi masyarakat independen: LSM, mahasiswa,dan jurnalis mengalami kooptasi dan intimidasi secara lebih brutal: melalui penangkapan-penangkapan dan penahanan baik yang resmi maupun sewenang-wenang; pemeriksaan-pemeriksaan serta terror-teror terbuka. Brutalisme 27 Juli itu sendiri rupanya memang terjadi sehubungan dengan

keperluan rezim penguasa waktu itu untuk mempersiapkan jalan yang lapang

bagi proses reproduksi rejim Orde Baru, yang berujung dałam pemilu 1997. Dalam periode ini, dengan memprediksi kemungkinan-kemungkinan kekerasan yang akan timbul sehubungan dengan reaksi pemilu dan sidang umum, sejumlah LSM membentuk sebuah Komisi yang bernama KIP-HAM: Komisi Independen Pemantau Pelanggaran HAM di Jalan Diponegoro 74 Jakarta Pusat. Dalam perkembangannya, keperluan reproduksi rezim ini tidak hanya mengambil korban dalam setting politik makro seperti pemberangusan dan pengendalian partai-partai di orde baru, lebih dari itu ia rupanya juga mengincar dinamika di tingkat konjungtur mikro dalam rupa penculikan sejumlah aktivis mahasiswa, LSM dan partai politik. Pada waktu itu inilah kali pertama penghilangan orang secara paksa muncul ke permukaan publik, kegelisahan awal publik mengarah kepada hilangnya aktivis Desmon Mahesa, Pius Lustrilanang dan Haryanto Taslam. Bersamaan dengan kegelisahan orang hilang dan kekerasan demi kekerasan itu, secara makro, rejim Orde Baru memasuki tahap paling genting sebagai sebuah rejim politik yakni dengan datangnya badai krisis ekonomi di akhir

KontraS

THE COMMISSION FOR DISAPPEARANCES AND VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE

BACKGROUND

Two years before KONTRAS was founded, the hopes for developing a new society under a democratic system was almost buried, when in 1996, authoritarian politics has not only destroyed the independent political aspirations, but also muzzled what-so-called the "Undercurrent” as a continuation of the July 27, 1996 incident. The victims were not only the political parties, but also nearly all the independent community organizations: NGOs and students, have experienced co-optation and intimidation in an increasingly more brutal manner through arrests and detentions, officially as well as arbitrarily, and also investigations and open terrors. The brutality of July 27 itself apparently occurred in connection with the need 3 of the regime to prepare a clear road for the reproduction process of the New Order, which culminated in the General Elections of 1997. In this period, by predicting the possibilities of violence that may arise as a reaction to the General Elections and the General Session of the Consultative Assembly, a number of NGOs have established a Commission named KIP-HAM, the Independent Commission for the Monitoring of Human Rights Violations, located at Jalan Diponegoro 74, Jakarta Pusat. In the further developments, the need for reproducing/extending the regime has not only claimed victims in the macro political settings, such as the muzzling and control of the political parties in the new order, even more than that it seems that they are also targeting at the dynamics at the micro level of the conjucture in the form of the abduction of a number of students and activists of NGOs and political parties. At that time this was the first enforced disappearances which came to the surface, and causing the people's anxieties for the disappearances of Desmond Mahesa, Pius Lustrilanang and Haryanto Taslam. At the same time as the anxiety caused by the disappearing persons and the violence after violence that have taken place, in the macro sense the New Order regime is entering its most crucial period as a political regime,

1997 yang terus meningkat hingga tahun 1998. Hantaman krisis yang makin dalam ini seolah menantang sekaligus mengejek kehendak rejim Suharto yang akan dikukuhkan kembali dalam Sidang Umum Maret 1998. Di titik ini bertemulah dua paradoks terpenting dalam politik Orde Baru yakni krisis legitimasi dan/ dalam momen reproduksi Sidang Umum 1998. Dialektika dalam paradoks ini melahirkan dua hal terpenting terjadi yakni: pertama, represi yang makin meningkat dalam rupa penangkapan-penangkapan protes-protes serta operasi-operasi militer dalam rupa penculikan-penculikan dan penangkapan. Perwujudan dari operasi ini adalah lahirnya korban-korban baru : Andi Arief, Waluyojati, Nezar Patria, Herman Hendrawan dst. Kedua, meningkatnya represi itu ber-elasi dengan meningkatnya resistensi entitas-entitas kritis krisis terutama intelektual dan sejumlah aktvis LSM dengan bertulang punggung dan diinspirasikan oleh gerakan mahasiswa yang makin meningkat secara kualitatif maupun kuantitatif. Dalam kontradiksi inilah, berangkat dari keprihatinan yang mendalam sebagai akibat makin meluasnya korban kekerasan dan tidak jelasnya nasib sejumlah orang yang hilang, sejumlah aktivis LSM dan Ormas Mahasiswa seperti: YLBHI, Elsam, AJI, KIPP, PIPHAM, PMil dengan dukungan sejumlah tokoh memutuskan untuk membentuk semacam gugus tugas investigative yang bekerja secara taktis dan marathon. Dengan pekerjaan utama mencari penanggung jawab penghilangan orang dan kekerasan-kekerasan. Dalam kerja itu, tidak dapat dipungkiri, korban.dan keluarga korban, sejumlah aktivis mahasiswa dan pemuda mengambil tempat yang paling penting. Di titik inilah kemudian KIP-HAM yang didirikan tahun 1996 itu diubah menjadi KONTRAS(Komisi untuk Orang Hilang dan Korban Tindak Kekerasan). Paradoks politik dari rejim yang sia-sia hendak mempertahankan kekuasaanya, krisis legitimasi, serta perlawanan tak kenal lelah dari gerakan mahasiswa tidak hanya mentranformasi kerja-kerja KONTRAS melainkan ikut pula membentuk “secara paksa” karakter KONTRAS untuk menjadi garda depan yang lain dalam menghadapi otoriterianisme rejim Suharto.

Dalam masa itu, watak sebagai gugus tugas yang taktis dan spontan mendominasi kinerja KONTRAS. Dengan jatuhnya Suharto, era baru dalam kehidupan politik diharapkan muncul. Namun kepemimpinan politik yang lemah, pengaruh rejim lama yang masih kuat serta pemberantasan akar otoriterianisme yang tidak serius seperti militerisme Orde Baru di bawah rejim politik Habibie, justru malah menghadirkan dan mentransformir masalah-masalah yang lebih parah dan besar; konflik horizontal, korupsi yang makin merajalela, hukum yang tidak jelas arahnya.

namely the onset of the storm in the form of the economic crisis which continues to escalate until 1998. The beatings inflicted by this economic crisis which is becoming increasingly more severe seemingly challenged and ridiculed the desire of the Suharto regime which is going to be reinstated in the General Session of the Consultative Assembly in March 1998. At this point the two main paradoxes of the New Order regime meet, namely the crisis of legitimization and the moment of reproduction in the General Session of the Consultative Assembly of 1998. The dialectics of this paradox has given birth to two most important aspects: first is the increasing repression in the form of arrests and military operations by means of kidnappings and arrests. A manifestation of these operations are the new victims: Andi Arief, Waluyo Jati, Nezar Patria, Herman Hendrawan and so on. Second, the increasing repression is related to the increasing resistance offered by the critical entities, especially the intellectuals and a number of NGO activists which is backboned and inspired by the student movements which are becoming more intensive in quality as well as in number. With these contradictions, instigated by a deep concern for the increasing number of victims of violence, and the uncertain faith of a number of persons, several activists from NGOs and student Organizations such as YLBHl, Elsam, AJI, KIPP, PIPHAM, PMIl and supported by a number of influential persons, have decided to establish a kind of investigative task force which is to work tactically and in marathon. The main task is to find the parties responsible for the disappearances of people and the violence. In this work, it can not be denied that the victims and the family of the victims, a number of student activists and youth have taken an important position. It was at this point that KIP-HAM, which was established in 1997, was changed into KONTRAS (Commission for Disappearing Persons and Violence). The political paradox of a regime that vainly tries to defend its power, the legitimization crisis, and the untiring resistance of the student movements, not only have transformed the work of KONTRAS, they also have established "by force” the character of KONTRAS to become another avant gard in confronting the authoritarianism of the Suharto regime. During that period, the characteristics of a task which is tactical and spontaneous have dominated the performance of KONTRAS. With the fall of Suharto, it was expected that a new era in the political life wil emerge. However a weak political leadership, the still strong influence of the old regime and the lack of seriousness in the eradication of the roots of authoritarianism, such as the militarism of the New Order under the Habibie political regime, has actually caused the emergence and the transformation of bigger and more serious problems: horizontal conflicts, corruption growing. more rampant, the uncertain direction of law enforcement.

Dengan keadaan begini, KONTRAS memasuki intensitas persoalan yang

jauh lebih hebat. la “terpaksa” harus menghadapi karakter terdalam dari rejim otoriter Orde baru, yakni militerisme, terutama dalam kasus Aceh, Ambon, kerusuhan-kerusuhan sosial, orang hilang dan pembunuhan mahasiswa dsb. Dengan kata lain di masa kepemimpinan Habibie inilah KontraS mulai menghadapi persoalan-persoalan yang jauh lebih structural dari "sekadar” orang hilang. Kenyatan ini bisa didefinisikan secara kasar sebagai berikut: kalau pada awal mulanya ia hanya dihadapkan pada kasus Prabowo maka pada masa Habibielah KontraS menghadapi kultur militerisme dalm wajah aslinya yang structural : dari yang “ornamental” makin menuju yang esensial. Dalam periode ini tidak dapat dipungkiri, gerakan mahasiswa -terutama dalam kasus Rencana Undang-undang Penanggulangan Keadaan Bahaya dan Aceh-menjadi sandaran yang menopang kerja-kerja KONTRAS ini.

Selain itu format multi partai dan multi ideology pasca Suharto, mengangkat pula persolan-persoalan lama yang memang secara mudah menjadi koflik- konflik baru dalam masyarakat serta rangkaian kekerasan. Di masa-masa inilah segala jenis kekerasan seperti; kekerasan horisontal, kekerasan politik, dan segala jenis mekanisme politik untuk melahirkan kekerasan-kekerasan di atas harus dihadapi. Kini, setelah setelah pemilu dalam format multi partai pertama menghasilkan rejim politik baru di bawah kepemimpinan Gus Dur, sejumlah kekerasan fundamental seperti adu domba-kekerasan horizontal, masih terus berlangsung. Selain itu arah politik dan tatanan kemasyarakatan yang baru, yang benar-benar bersih dari karakter tatanan Orde Baru belum lagi terwujud. Ada harapan, tapi harapan tersebut masih sangat muda dan rentan. Kondisi-kondisi ini melahirkan tantangan terbaru bagi KONTRAS baik tantangan eksternal dalam rangka bagaimana dia merespon persolan-persoalan kemasyarakatan terbarunya masa kini, maupun tantangan internalnya dalam arti bagaimana dia merefleksi keperluan-keperluan kinerjanya: bentuk organisasi, kepengurusan. Semua ini, sekali lagi menghasilkan paradoks-paradoks baru untuk KONTRAS di masa depan, diharapkan setelah berbagai tantangan yang dihadapinya di masa lalu, kini ia bisa lebih dewasa dan efektif dalam menghadapi tantangan masa depan.

Under these conditions KONTRAS encountered problems with an intensity which is much more severe. It was “forced" to confront the innermost character of the authoritarian regime of the New Order, namely militarism, especially in the cases of Aceh, Ambon, the social riots, disappearing persons and the killings of students etc. In other words it was during the leadership of Habibie that KONTRAS started to confront problems that are more structural in nature than “just” the disappearances of people. This fact can be roughly defined as follows: if at the beginning it was only facing the Prabowo case, then it was during the period of Habibie that KONTRAS is facing the culture of militarism in its original and structural form: from the “ornamental” going increasingly to the essential. In this period it can not be denied that the student movements, especially in connection with the Draft Bill for State Security and Aceh, - have become the resting points for supporting the work of KONTRAS. Furthermore, the multi-party and multi-ideology format in the post Suharto period have also rekindled the old problems which indeed can easily turn into new conflicts within the community and into a chain of violence. It was in these period that all forms of horizontal violence, political violence, and all forms of the political mechanisms that give rise to the above violence, must be faced. At present, after the first general elections according to the multi-party format has resulted in a new political regime under the leadership of Gus Dur, a number of fundamental violence such as the horizontal contests of violence, are still continuing. Furthermore the political direction and the new arrangements for the community, which is really free from the characteristics and organization of the New Order, has not yet materialized. There is hope, but this hope is as yet very immature and very vulnerable. These conditions have given rise to new challenges for KONTRAS, in the framework of how it can respond to the latest issues in the community in this period, as well as its internal challenges in the meaning of how it can be reflected in the requirements needed to perform: the organizational form and management. All of these, once again resulted in new paradoxes in the future for KONTRAS, which after the various challenges that it has faced in the past is now more mature and effective for meeting the challenges of the future.

ORGANISASI

VISI

• Demokrasi haruslah dibangun yang berbasis pada keutuhan kedaulatan rakyat melalui landasan dan prinsip rakyat yang bebas dari ketakutan, penindasan, kekerasan dan berbagai bentuk pelanggaran hak asasi manusia (HAM).

• Syarat bagi tunbuhnya sistem yang demokratis adalah berkembangnya ciri-ciri sebuah sistim dan kehidupan bernegara yang bersifat sipil, serta jauhnya politik dari pendekatan kekerasan yang lahir dari prinsip-prinsip militerisme sebagai sebuah sistem, perilaku ataupun budaya politik, sehingga bukan semata-mata persoalan intervensi oleh militer ke dalam kehidupan politik. Akan tetapi, lebih jauh menyangkut kondisi struktural, kultural dan hubungan antar komunitas sosial, kelompok-kelompok sosial serta antar strata sosial yang mengedepankan kekerasan dan simbol- simbolnya.

  MISI

• Memajukan kesadaran rakyat terhadap pentingnya penghargaan terhadap hak asasi manusia, khususnya kepekaan terhadap berbagai bentuk kekerasan dan upaya penghilangan orang secara paksa sebagai akibat dari penyalahgunaan kekuasaan negara.

• Memperjuangkan penegakan dan penghargaan terhadap hak asasi manusia, khususnya hak-hak rakyat untuk bebas dari segala bentuk kekerasan dan penghilangan orang secara paksa serta pelanggaran-pelanggaran hak asasi manusia dalam kategori berat yang lain, melalui berbagai upaya advokasi atau penuntutan pertanggungjawaban negara.
• Mendorong secara konsisten perubahan pada sistem hukum dan politik, yang berdimensi penguatan dan perlindungan rakyat atas bentuk-bentuk kekerasan dan penghilangan orang secara paksa serta pelanggaran-pelanggaran hak asasi manusia dalam kategori berat yang lain.

ORGANIZATION

VISION

• Democracy must be developed on the basis of the wholeness of the people's sovereignty based on the fundamentals and principles of a people that is free from fear, oppression, violence and the various forms of human rights violations.

• The conditions for the growth of a democratic system is to develop the characteristics of the system and the conduct of the state with civilian characteristics, and the alienation of politics from the approaches through violence which is born from the principles of militarism as a system, and the political behavior or culture, so that the issue is not just the military intervention in politics. But more than that it concerns the structural and cultural conditions and the relationships between social communities, social groups and social strata which prioritizes violence and its symbols.

  MISSION

• To advance the people's awareness on the importance of respect for human rights, especially the sensitivity of the people to the various forms of violence and attempts at the forced disappearances of people as a result of the abuse of state power.

• To fight for the upholding and respect for human rights, especially the right of the people to be free from all forms of violence and forced disappearances of people and the other serious human rights violations, by means of various forms of advocation or demands for the accountability of the state.
• To consistently push for the changes in law and political system which has the dimension of the strengthening and protection of the people against the forms of violence and forced disappearances and the other serious human rights violations.

BENTUK DAN SUSUNAN ORGANSASI

• Organisasi KontraS adalah berbentuk yayasan, dan bersifat nirlaba.
• KontraS mendapatkan dana untuk membiayai kegiatannya dari sumbangan masyarakat, baik organisasi maupun perorangan dan lembaga donor lainnya baik dari dalam negeri maupun luar negeri, dengan syarat tidak mengikat dan memiliki konsekuensi dalam bentuk apapun yang akan menghambat, mengganggu dan atau berakibat pada berubahnya substansi dan atau pelaksanaan visi dan misi organisasi. KontraS didirikan pada 20 Maret 1998 sebagai sebuah Komisi yang melibatkan berbagai organisasi lain serta perorangan sebagai pihak yang menyepakati dan memberikan dukungan. Organisasi itu adalah:
• YLBHI (Yayasan Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Indonesia) ELSAM (LembagaStudi dan Advokasi Masyarakat) PMII (Pergerakan Mahasiswa Islam Indonesia) KIPP (Komisi Independen Pemantau Pemilu) AJI (Aliansi Jurnalis Independen) CPSM.
• DII. Organisasi KontraS dijalankan oleh Badan Pekerja dan dipimpin oleh seorang
  10 Koordinator dan dibantu oleh staf di divisi-divisi yang dibentuk berdasar kebutuhan, serta berhak untuk merekrut relawan.

DEWAN PENGURUS :

Ketua Wakil Ketua Sekretaris Bendahara I Bendahara II

BADAN PEKERJA : Koordinator Ka. Bid. Operasional Sekretaris Ka. Div. Legal Ka. Div. Investigasi Ka. Div. Opini Publik KA. Div. Litbang

FORM AND ARRANGEMENT OF THE ORGANIZATION

• KontraS is organized as a foundation, and is a non-profit organization;
• KontraS obtains funding to finance its activities from donations from the community, organizations as well as individuals, and other donor institutions, domestically as well as from abroad, under the condition that it is not binding and without consequences in any form whatsoever which could impede, disrupt and or result in the change of the substance and or the implementation of the vision and mission of the organization. KontraS was established on March 20, 1998 as a Commission which involved various other organizations and individuals as the parties that have approved and agreed to give support. These organizations are:
• YLBHI (Indonesian Legal Aid Foundation)
• ELSAM (Institute for Community Studies and Advocation)
• PMII (Indonesian Islamic Students Movement)
• KIPP (Independent General Elections Monitoring Commission)
• AJI (Alliance of Independent Journalists)
• CPSM
• Others. The KontraS organization is run by a Working Committee which is led by a Coordinator assisted by a staff in the divisions established as needed, and having the right to recruit volunteers. BOARD OF MANAGEMENT: Chairman Vice Chairman Secretary Treasurer I Treasurer II WORKING COMMITTEE : Coordinator Head of. Operations Secretary Head. Legal Division Head. Investigation Division Head Public Opinion Division Head R & D Division

Jumlah Staf full time untuk kantor KONTRAS di Jakarta sebanyak 23 Orang, dengan relawan sebanyak 125 Orang. Terdiri atas 102 yang bersifat pasif, serta 23 aktif. Relawan pasif adalah mereka yang siap bekerja kapan dibutuhkan berdasarkan momen-momen khusus. Jumlah Staf Full time untuk kantor KONTRAS di Aceh sebanyak 4 Orang, dengan relawan sebanyak 70 Orang, Papua sebanyak 7 orang dengan relawan diberbagai kabupaten Papua. Selain kantor cabang tersebut KontraS juga memiliki project base di beberapa daerah seperti : Lampung,Medan,Surabaya,Maluku dan Kalimantan Barat.

PENGHARGAAN UNTUK KONTRAS

• Penghargaan Saurdi Tasrif 1998 dari Aliansi Jurnalis Independen (AJI) untuk kategori organisasi yang mengembangkan hak masyarakat atas informasi tentang pelanggaran HAM.
• Penghargaan Serdadu 1998 dari Organisasi Seniman dan Pemusik Jalanan Jakarta untuk kategori usaha mempromosikan penegakan HAM. Penghargaan Yap Thiam Hien 1998, salah satu penghargaan yang tertinggi di Indonesia dibidang HAM.
• Kontras menjadi anggota dan partisipasi di AFAD. Sebuah organisasi pengacara untuk kasus orang hilang di Asia Pasifik.
  

  Aku pasti pulang

mungkin tengah malam dini mungkin subuh hari

pasti dan mungkin tapi jangan kau tunggu

Puisi ini ditulis oleh : Wiji Thukul Seorang penyair aktivis yang hilang sekitar Februari-Maret 1998 dan sampai saat ini belum kembali.

The full time staff at the Jakarta office numbers 23 persons, with 125 volunteers, consisting of 102 passive and 23 active. The passive volunteers are those who are ready to work at any time when required according to special moments. There are 4 full time staff at the KONTRAS office in Aceh and 70 volunteers. In Papua, there are 7 full time staff with volunteers in various districts. Besides those branch offices, KONTRAS also has project bases in several regions, such as Lampung, Medan, Surabaya, Maluku and West Kalimantan.

KONTRAS HAS RECEIVED THE FOLLOWING AWARDS :

• Suardi Tasrif Award, 1998 from the Independent Journalists Alliance (AJI) for the category of Organizations developing the rights of information of the people on the humah rights violations.
• Serdadu Award (1998) from the Organization of Jakarta Steet Artists and Musicians, for its efforts to promote the upholding of human rights Yap Thiam Hien Award, 1998, on of the most prestigious awards in the field of human rights.
• KontraS became a member and participants in AFAD. An organizational
  13 network advocating for the cases of the disappearing persons in Asia-Pacific.

"I'll be coming home maybe in the midle of the night

maybe at down

will be and maybe but don't you wait.

This poem was writer by: Wiji Thukul Apoet and activis, missing around February-March 1998. Has not return and until the present moment.

"Kembalikan ayah kami" "Bring our fathers back" DOK. KONTRAS

KEGIATAN

Dari pandangan dan misi organisasi, terdapat tujuan jangka pendek sebagai dasar perumusan program kerja sebagai berikut:

• Prevensi Viktimisasi dalam Politik Kekerasan Upaya bersifat preventif untuk melindungi kepentingan masyarakat dari adanya kecenderungan yang menempatkan bagian-bagian dalam masyarakat sebagai sasaran dan korban politik kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh negara dan atau kekuatan-kekuatan besar lain yang potensial melakukan hal itu.
• Due Process of Law Menuntut adanya pertanggungjawaban hukum terhadap para pelaku pelanggaran HAM, melalui mekanisme dan prosedur hukum yang fair. Dalam kategori ini, KontraS melihat dalam bentuknya yang lebih luas, yakni segala upaya yang harus dilakukan di dalam turut memperjuangkan terbentuknya sebuah pranata hukum yang di dalamnya menjamin adanya penghormatan yang tinggi terhadap hak asasi manusia.
• Rehabilitasi Rehabilitasi korban meliputi upaya pemulihan secara fisik maupun psikis dari akibat-akibat yang ditimbulkan oleh tindakan kekrasan negara dan bentuk-bentuk pelanggaran hak asasimanusia lainnya, mutlak diperlukan

"Mencari negeri yang hilang" East Timor refugrees : "looking for the lost land" DOK. KONTRAS 1999

ACTIVITIES From the organization's vision and mission the short term objectives can be derived as the basis for formulating the work plan as follows:

• Prevent victimizing because of the politics of violence. The endeavors are preventive in nature in order to protect the community's interests from tendencies which positions parts of the community as the targets and victims of the politics of violence committed by the state and or the other powerful forces which have the potential of doing so.
• Due Process of Law To demand accountability according to the law from the perpetrators of human rights violations through a fair legal mechanism and procedure. In this context KONTRAS sees it in a larger scope, namely the efforts that must be made in the endeavors for the establishment of a legal system which guarantees a high respect for human rights.

•Rehabilitation The rehabilitation of victims consists of the physical or psychological restoration from the effects caused by violence by the state and the from the other forms of human rights violations, is absolutely necessary in the

dalam melakukan advokasi yang lebih luas. Dalam kerangka ini, pengikutsertaan korban dan keluarga korban di dalam sebanyak mungkin upaya dan proses advokasi adalah konsekuensinya. Sehingga metode pengorganisasian korban dan keluarga korban untuk turut serta dalam upaya advokasi juga ditujukan untuk melakukan usaha penyadaran dan penguatan elemen masyarakat secara lebih luas.

• Rekonsiliasi dan Perdamaian Rekonsiliasi adalah tuntutan yang tidak terhindarkan dari fakta terdapatnya banyak kasus besar menyangkut tindakan pelanggaran HAM yang berat di masa lalu yang sulit terungkap dan dimintakan pertanggungjawaban. Rekonsiliasi juga merupakan langkah alternatif yang mungkin diambil dalam mengahadapi banyaknya fenomena pertikaian massal yang bersifat horisontal dan melibatkan sentimen- sentimen suku, agama, etnis dan ras yang terjadi di tanah air. Langkah ke arah itu tentu saja harus di dahului oleh sebuah pengungkapan fakta-fakta dan kebenaran yang sejelas-jelasnya sebagai syarat mutlak adanya rekonsiliasi. Oleh karena itu KontraS dituntut untuk turut serta melakukan upaya-upaya nyata dan mendorong segala usaha yang mengusahakan terciptanya sebuah rekonsiliasi dan perdamaian yang lebih nyata sebagai langkah penyelesaian berbagai persoalan HAM di masa lalu dan
  16 pertiakaian massal secara horisontal di berbagai daerah.

• Mobilisasi Sikap dan Opini

• Anti politik kekerasan Secara intensif dikembangkan wacana tentang anti politik kekerasan dan gerakan anti kekerasan secara lebih luas. Misi dari proses ini adalah membangun sensitifitas masyarakat atas adanya berbagai bentuk kekerasan, secara khusus terhadap segala bentuk penghilangan orang secara paksa, perkosaan, penganiayaan, penangkapan dan penahanan orang secara sewenang-wenang, pembunuhan secara cepat, dan bentuk pelanggaran berat terhadap HAM lainnya oleh unsur-unsur negara. Dalam jangka panjang diharapkan terjadi sebuah koreksi mendasar terhadap politik kekerasan yang selama ini berlangsung. Pelanggaran HAM Dalamjangkauanlebihluas, KontraSm penting bagi segala bentuk dan mengedepan

framework of a wider advocation. In this context the consequence is the

involvement of the victim and the family of the victim in as much as possible

of the efforts and processes of the advocation. So that the method of

part in the advocation efforts is also organizing the victim to take

directed at the efforts to arouse the awareness and the strengthening of

the elements of the community.

• Reconciliation and Peace Reconciliation is an unavoidable demand because of the fact that there are so many serious cases of serious human rights violations in the past which are difficult to disclose and to demand accountability for. Reconciliation is also an alternative measure which could be taken in the in view of the large number of mass horizontal conflicts involving sentiments relating to tribe, ethnicity and race, which have occurred in this country. Steps in this direction must of course be preceded by the full disclosure of the facts and the truth, as an absolute requirement for the reconciliation. Therefore it is demanded from KONTRAS that it also takes part in making concrete efforts and promote all endeavors for creating a reconciliation and peace that is more real, as a step in the settlement of the various human rights cases of the past and the various horizontal conflicts in the regions.
• The Mobilization of Attitude and Opinion – Against the politics of violence. To intensively develop the discourse against the politics of violence and a wider anti violence movement. The mission of this process is to develop the sensitivities of the community about the presence of the various forms of violence, especially the forced disappearances of people, rape, torture and arbitrary arrests and detention, summary executions, and the other forms of serious human rights violations by the elements of the state. In the long run it is expected that a fundamental correction will take place against the politics of violence which has been practiced so far.

– Human Rights Violations In a wider scope, KONTRAS is giving a very important position to all forms of human rights violations that have occurred and puts it forward in the public discourse to be taken as an issue in the endeavors for building the awareness on the importance of respect for human rights. In principle the problems of human rights must be regarded as a

dipersoalkan sebagai hal mendasar yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam setiap pengambilan kebijakan oleh negara ataupun setiap usaha yang dilakukan dalam membangun kehidupan bermasyarakat dalam dimensinya yang luas. Untuk itu, KontraS melakukan pemantauan dan pengkajian yang serius terhadap segala hal menyangkut penegakan HAM di Indonesia. █

STOP..!!!

PENCULIKAN

DOK. DETIKCOM

fundamental issue which must be taken into consideration in making

every policy decision by the state as well as in all efforts for developing community life in a more wider dimension.

For this purpose, KONTRAS is monitoring and conducting a serious

study on all matters relating to the upholding of human rights in Indonesia.

THOSE

WHO ARE

STILL

MISSING

Ribuan orang hilang dalam masa pemerintahan rezim Orde Lama dan Orde Baru, yang dilaporkan ke KontraS sampai bulan Oktober 2000 berjumlah 973 orang. Thousands of people who are dissapearing during the old and new order, which have been reported to KontraS until October 2000, are 973 people.

BEBERAPA KASUS :

Hak Asasi Manusia sebagai “The New Frontier”

ORANG HILANG Kasus orang hilang dalam konteks pelanggaran HAM terbagi atas dua modus, yaitu penghilangan paksa (Involuntary Disappearances) dan penculikan (Incommunicato Disappearances). Perbedaannya terdapat pada kondisi terakhir korban, diketemukan dalam kondisi apapun juga dan tidak diketemukan hingga saat ini. Biasanya involuntary disappearances dilakukan secara paksa, mayoritas korban terdapat dalam modus ini. Indonesia mempunyai secara panjang dalam kasus orang hilang. Sejak dari tahun 1965, ketika isu gestapu, hingga penculikan yang dialami oleh para pejuang demokrasi pada tahun 1998. Bila dilihat aktivitas korban, maka kebanyakan adalah orang biasa yang tidak tahu menahu atau buta akan tuduhan pelaku. Seperti di Aceh, sejak diterapkannya DOM korban penghilangan adalah rakyat biasa, petani, buruh, guru, yang semuanya tidak tahu menahu tentang GAM (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka). Dan masih terjadi hingga saat ini. Selain itu, korban adalah mereka yang berbeda pendapat dengan pemerintah Orde Baru. Ini mencerminkan tidak adanya proses 20 demokrasi. Kasus orang hilang masih terjadi karena masih adanya sikap otoriter institusi pemerintah di beberapa daerah. Ini yang membuat korban atau keluarga korban takut untuk melapor kepada LSM atau kepolisian. Apa yang bisa kita lakukan adalah mengungkapkan kasus orang hilang dengan harapan dapat mendorong pemerintah untuk menghentikannya sebagai salah satu pilar dari demokrasi. KontraS dalam kasus orang hilang melakukan beberapa hal, seperti membuat laporan orang hilang dan mendorong kepada pemerintah untuk membuka dan menjelaskan kasus yang ada. Selain itu, KontraS melakukan kampanye tentang orang hilang di berbagai wilayah.

A NUMBER OF CASES: Human Rights as “The New Frontier”

DISAPPEARANCES OF PEOPLE In the human rights context the cases of disappearing persons can be divided in two ways, namely the Involuntary Disappearances, and the Kidnappings (Incommunicato Disappearances). The difference is in the final condition of the victim, found in whatever condition, and still not found up to this moment. Usually involuntary disappearances are committed by force, the majority of the victims fall in this category. Indonesia has a long history of disappearing persons. Since 1965, when there was the Gestapu issue, to the abductions experienced by the fighters for democracy in 1998. When we consider the activities of the victims, we will find that most of them are ordinary people who don't know anything about the accusations leveled against them. Such as in Aceh, since the DOM (Military Operation Area) status was applied to this region, the victims of the abductions are the ordinary people, farmers, workers, teachers, all of them are ignorant about GAM (Free Aceh Movement). And this is so far still taking place. In addition, there are also the victims who have a difference of 21 opinion with the New Order government. This is a reflection that there is no democracy. Cases of disappearing people are still taking place which is due to the authoritarian attitude of the government institutions in a number of regions. This is the reason why the victims or their families are afraid to report to NGOs or to the Police. What we can do is to make a disclosure of the cases of the disappearing people with the hope that this can induce the government to stop this practice in support to one of the pillars of democracy. In the cases of the disappearing people, KontraS has done a number of things, such as to preparing reports on disappearing people and to urge the government to disclose and explain the existing cases. In addition, KontraS in a number of regions is waging a campaign against the practice of disappearing people.

ACEH

Aceh, pada saat ini, merupakan wilayah dengan tingkat pelanggaran HAM yang tinggi di Indonesia. Bila dilihat dari sejarah perlawanan rakyat Aceh akan terlihat persoalan yang menyebabkan adanya perlawanan, seperti kondisi sosial masyarakat yang tidak diuntungkan oleh industralisasi merambah Aceh dan mengeksploitasi sejak tahun 1970-an. Ini semakin ditambah dengan adanya operasi militer untuk menghadang protes dari masyarakat Aceh. Munculnya gerakan aceh merdeka seakan-akan menjadi pendorong dari proses kekerasan terhadap rakyat Aceh. Intimidasi serta tekanan mental terus terjadi dan sudah menjadi agenda sehari-hari. Pada awalnya, DOM merupakan operasi militer untuk menyapu bersih gerakan sipil bersenjata. Namun dalam kenyataan di lapangan, rakyat biasa yang tidak tahu menahu menjadi korban. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dengan laporan korban yang ada. Kekerasan terjadi baik yang dilakukan kepada orang dewasa maupun kepada anak-anak. Bagaimana mereka (anak-anak) melihat ayah atau ibunya disiksa, diperkosa atau diculik didepan matanya. Trauma serta tekanan mental sudah harus dialaminya. Pelaku dalam kasus Aceh mayoritas adalah mereka yang teridentifikasi sebagai militer. Walau ada beberapa kejadian dilakukan oleh mereka yang tidak teridentifikasi. Mimpi untuk mencabut DOM dan hidup tenang, tidak dapat terealisasi walau Habibie sudah mencabut DOM dari Aceh. Kejadian yang kejam dimasa DOM, kembali terulang dan cenderung meningkat. Seperti kasus penghilangan paksa, pada masa DOM yang tercatat oleh KontraS sebanyak 350 orang hilang dan pasca Dom (periode Mei 1999 - Maret 2000) terdapat 194 orang hilang. Ini menandakan bahwa bukan DOM yang permasalahan. Sekarang terdapat kesepakatan antara GAM dengan Pemerintah Indonesia untuk melakukan gencatan senjata. Namun pada beberapa minggu awal dari penandatanganan tersebut, masih saja terjadi beberapa peristiwa kekerasan diberbagai wilayah di Aceh. Lalu apa yang sebenarnya terjadi disana ? Solusinya terdapat dalam diri militer, dalam hal ini Polri dan TNI, sebagai institusi yang ditugaskan untuk melakukan pengamanan terhadap rakyat, bukan sebagai pelaku terhadap pelanggaran HAM. KontraS hingga saat ini masih melakukan advokasi dan kampanye tentang kekerasan yang terjadi di Aceh, serta kampanye mengenai kasus penghilangan orang di negeri “Serambi Mekah”. Dan tetap melakukan pemantauan terhadap berbagai peristiwa yang terjadi.

ACEH

At this moment, Aceh is the region with the highest level of human rights violations in Indonesia. When we study the history of the Aceh resistance struggles, it can be seen that the issues which have caused the resistance struggle, such as the social condition of the people which have not gained anything from the industrialization which has invaded and exploited Aceh since the 1970's. This is exacerbated by the military operations to counter the protests of the Aceh people. The emergence of the Free Aceh Movement is apparently made as a justification for the violence against the Aceh people. Intimidation and mental pressure is continually applied and forms part of the daily agenda. In the beginning DOM is a military operation to eradicate an armed civilian movement. However according to the reality in the field, the ordinary people who are ignorant have been made the victims. This can be proven by the available reports. Violence is perpetrated to adults and children alike. This is because they (the children) have to witness their fathers or mothers being tortured, raped or kidnapped before their very eyes. They already have to suffer trauma and mental stress. In the Aceh case the perpetrators have been identified as mostly the military. Although there have been instances where the perpetrators were unidentified. 23 The dream to revoke the DOM and live peacefully could not be realized, although Habibie has already revoked DOM in Aceh. The cruel incidents during the DOM period were again repeated and are even tending to increase. Such as the involuntary disappearances, during DOM KontraS recorded 350 cases of disappearing persons and in the post DOM period (period of May 1999-March 2000) there were 194 disappearing persons. This indicates that it is not the DOM that is causing the problem. An agreement has now been reached between the GAM and the government of Indonesia for a cease fire. However in the first few weeks after the signing of the agreement, there were still a number of incidents of violence in various places in Aceh. So what is actually going on there? The solution lies within the body of the military, in this case within the Police and the TNI, as the institutions tasked with safeguarding the people, and not as the perpetrators of human rights violations. KontraS to this day is still conducting the advocation and campaign against violence in Aceh, and conducting a campaign against the cases of the disappearing persons in the "Veranda of Mecca". It also continues to monitor the various incidents that are taking place.

MALUKU. Ambon merupakan salah satu gambaran kekerasan yang tak kunjung usai Indikasi adanya kelompok kepentingan yang bermain dalam pertikaian ini sangat jelas, dengan melihat perubahan pola dari satu periode ke periode berikutnya. Periode awal (Januari-Februari 1999, peran provokator terlihat jelas mempengaruhi. Kerusuhan dengan pola yang serupa terjadi bersamaan di beberapa tempat, dimana sejumlah orang tak dikenal terlihat mengorganisir massa untuk melakukan penyerangan. Pada periode kedua (Juli-Oktober 1999), massa yang terlibat lebih terorganisir dibawah lembaga keagamaan dan dipersenjatai dengan senjata api. Dalam beberapa penyerangan, seringkali ditemukan kasus keterlibatan TNI/Polri bersama-sama massa menyerang. Sejumlah besar korban tewas diterjang peluru yang berasal dari TNI/Polri. Sedangkan dalam peroide ketiga (Desember 1999) dimana sedang berlangsung masa damai Natal dan Ramadhan terjadi kerusuhan yang dipicu oleh isu "Natal" dan "Idul Fitri" berdarah, sehingga menjelang dua hari besar tersebut terjadi pertikaian di beberapa desa di pinggiran kota. Periode keempat (April-Juni 2000) ditandai oleh semakin banyak kepentingan dan isu yang dimainkan. Jumlah aparat yang terus ditambah justru menambah persoalan, sebab tidak jelasnya operasi lapangan yang dijalankan. Massa

24 semakin brutal dalam melakukan penyerangan dan sejumlah lembaga baru

terbentuk untuk kemudian bersama-sama dengan tokoh daerah berperang opini. Oleh karena kompleksnya persoalan, maka KontraS merasa perlu untuk terlibat mengamati perkembangan konflik Maluku. Ada lima hal yang terus dilakukan dalam konteks kasus Ambon. Pertama, pemantauan secara terus- menerus terhadap perkembangan situasi sosial-politik Maluku. Kedua, Kampanye untuk menghentikan kekerasan maluku, misalnya dengan membuat film yang menggambarkan masyarakat yang menjadi korban pertikaian. Ketiga, membuat laporan dan analisa yang diajukan kepada para pemegang kebijakan untuk ditindaklanjuti penyelesaiannya. Keempat, membentuk kelompok kerja rekonsiliasi dan pemulihan pasca konflik di Maluku yang akan merumuskan sejumlah agenda kegiatan di Maluku dengan bekerjasama dengan kelompok kerja kemanusiaan setempat. Kelima, menyalurkan sejumlah bantuan kemanusiaan.

MALUKU

Ambon is a picture of a never ending violence. Indications that there are interest groups playing in this conflict can be seen very clearly by observing the changes in the patterns from one period to the other. In the beginning period (January-February 1999), the role of provocateurs as the instigators can be clearly observed. Riots with the same pattern can be seen in a number of places, in which several unknown persons can be seen organizing the crowd to attack. In the second period (July-October 1999), the masses who were involved became more organized under the religious bodies and were armed with firearms. In some attacks it was found that the TNl/Police are involved who attacked together with the masses. A large number of the victims were killed by bullets coming from the TNl/Police. Whereas in the third period (December 1999), in the peaceful period of Christmas and Ramadhan, riots took place which were instigated by the issues of a bloodstained "Christmas” and "Idul Fitri". so that on the eve of the two holy days conflicts arose in a number of villages in the suburbs. The fourth period (April-June 2000) was characterized by the increasing number and interests that are being played-out. The increasing number of the personnel of the apparatus has in fact added to the problems, because the operations that are conducted in the field are not clear. The attacks of the 25 masses became even more brutal, and a number of new institutions emerged which together with the local notables waged a war of opinions. Due to the complexity of the matter KontraS finds it necessary to get involved in the monitoring of the conflicts which evolve in Maluku. There are five matters which need to be done in the context of the Ambon case. First, a continuous monitoring on the socio-political developments in Maluku. Second, to campaign for ending the violence in Maluku, for example by producing a film which shows the sufferings of the people who became victims of the conflicts. Third, to prepare reports and analysis for presentation to the policy makers for further follow-up. Fourth, to establish a working group for reconciliation and reconstruction in the post period of the conflict in Maluku which is to formulate a number of activities in Maluku in cooperation with the local humanitarian groups. Fifth, to distribute humanitarian aid.

PAPUA Sebagai salahsatu propinsi yang mengalami diskriminasi pembangunan dan penghisapan sumber daya alam selama masa Orde Baru, perlawananan yang dilakukan rakyat Papua tidak berbeda dengan yang dilakukan rakyat Aceh. Banyak kasus-kasus pelanggaran HAM yang terjadi dan tidak terungkap sepanjang pemerintahan Soeharto. Adalah wajar misalnya, jika kemudian rakyat Papua berkeinginan untuk memisahkan diri dari negara kesatuan Republik Indonesia, sebab merasa tidak mendapat keuntungan apa pun sejak awal integrasi. Maka perlu sikap yang hati-hati dari pemerintah Abdurrahman Wahid dalam menyelesaikan kasus-kasus Papua pada masa lalu. KontraS sejak awal berdiri telah menginventarisir sejumlah pelanggaran HAM, khususnya pada tahun 90-an. Kasus-kasus inilah yang kemudian diolah oleh KontraS dan disebarluaskan ke masyarakat. Minimnya respon dari masyarakat antara lain disebabkan kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang persoalan Papua, sehingga kampaye yang dilakukan belum mencapai hasil yang maksimal. Namun semua kendala tidak menyurutkan semangat KontraS untuk terus mengkampanyekan pelanggaran HAM yang telah terjadi di Papua. 26

DOK. DETIKCOM

DOK. KONTRAS 1998 Korban dan keluarga korban penghilangan paksa. Victims and families of victims of the involuntary dissapearances at the Military Police Headquarter in 1998.

PAPUA

As one of the provinces which have experienced discrimination in the development and the exploitation of its natural resources during the New Order period, the resistance waged by the Papuan people is not different from that in Aceh. There are many cases of human rights violations which have not been disclosed during the Soeharto government. It is therefore natural that for example the people of Papua then have the desire to separate themselves from the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia, because they feel that ever since the beginning of the integration they have not gained anything Therefore a cautious stance is needed on the part of the Abdurrahman Wahid's government in resolving the conflicts that have taken place in the past in Papua. KontraS since the beginning of its establishment has made an inventory on

the human rights violations, especially in the 90's. These cases are then

processed by KontraS and disseminated to the public. The minimal response from the public is among others caused by lack of the public's knowledge on the Papua issue, so that the campaign conducted have not yet reached maximal results. Nevertheless all these obstacles have not diminished the spirit of KontraS to continue campaigning the human rights violations that have taken place in Papua.

BERBAGAI KEKERASAN RASIAL Kekerasan berdasarkan rasial sudah terjadi dibumi Nusantara ini sejak tahun 1740 di Batavia (sekarang Jakarta) dan terus terjadi hingga beberapa tahun terakhir. Hal ini menandakan kerusuhan rasial mempunyai sejarah yang panjang di Indonesia. Hampir semua peristiwa yang berbau rasial membuat etnis Cina menjadi korban. Bila dilihat dari penyebab, hal ini terjadi karena adanya stigmatisasi disetiap kepala rakyat Indonesia terhadap etnis, suku, maupun agama tertentu. Hal ini yang membuat Indonesia menjadi negara yang rentan akan kerusuhan. Kerusuhan hanya akan mengakibatkan semua pihak menderita atau mengalami kerugian. Perbedaan yang dipolitisir untuk keperluan penguasa dijadikan sebagai pemicu dari berbagai kerusuhan rasial yang ada. Selain itu, tidak ada keinginan penguasa untuk melakukan perbaikan dengan mengungkapkan kebenaran yang ada Keinginan masyarakat untuk membangun masyarakat yang demokrasi tanpa melakukan perbedaan akan SARA menjadi kunci dari pemecahan berbagai kasus berbau etnis dan agama. Hingga saat ini, KontraS tetap melakukan monitoring dari semua peristiwa yang ada. Selain itu, kami melakukan kampanye untuk anti kekerasan dan mencoba untuk mencounter semua pandangan yang rasialis. 28

LAIN-LAINNYA Selain kasus diatas, masih banyak kasus pelanggaran HAM yang lainnya. Peristiwa Gestapu 1965, Tanjung Priok 1984, Talang Sari (lampung) 1989, Pembunuhan Dukun Santet di Banyuwangi dan Ciamis 1998 - 1999, Sambas 1999, serta berbagai kejadian yang dialami oleh para mahasiswa yang melakukan aksi atau demotrasi.

KontraS hingga saat ini masih melakukan surat gugatan dan melakukan advokasi terhadap semua kejadian yang ada. Selain itu, KontraS juga melakukan kampanye anti kekerasan.

VARIOUS RACIAL VIOLENCE Racially based violence is already present in Indonesia since 1740 in Batavia (now Jakarta) and continues to take place through the last few years. This would indicate that racial riots have a long history in Indonesia. Nearly all incidents with a racial flavor have made the ethnic Chinese as the victims. When seen from the causes, it is because in the head of every Indonesian there is a stigmatization against a certain ethnicity, group or religion. This has made Indonesia a country that is vulnerable to rioting. Riots will only make all parties suffer or experience losses. Differences that have been politicized to serve the interests of the power holders are the triggers of the various racial riots which have occurred. In addition, there is no desire of the power holders to disclose the truth. The desire of the people to establish a democratic community without discrimination on the basis of SARA (matters relating to ethnic, religious and racial relations), is the key to resolving the cases which relates to ethnic and religious matters. So far KontraS continues to monitor all incidents. In addition, we carry-out campaigns against violence and have endeavored to counter all racialist views.

OTHERS In addition to the above cases, there are still many other human rights violations. The Gestapu 1965 incident, Tanjung Priok 1984, Talang Sari (Lampung) 1989, the murders of Shamans in Banyuwangi and Ciamis 1998- 1999, Sambas 1999, and the various incidents experienced by the students who were conducting their actions for democracy. To this day these are still taking place, among others during the various demonstrations occurring in Jakarta. KontraS has brought suit and is conducting advocation for all the incidents. In addition KontraS also is conducting an anti-violence campaign.

■

PENUTUP

Sementara seiring dengan pembentukan kelembagaannya, KontraS telah sebagai Organisasi telah berkerja memasuki tahun tahun ke 4 (empat). Meskipun demikian atas kepercayaan dan tuntutan masyarakat, kasus-kasus pelanggaran HAM yang terjadi sepanjang tiga puluh dua tahun tersebut tersebut menjadi tanggungjawab KontraS. Dalam posisi inilah KontraS mendorong perúbahan strategis dalam struktur hukum dan politik nasional, khususnya pemecahan terhadap berbagai pelanggaran HAM melalui pembentukkan Komisi Kebenaran dan Rekonsiliasi. Dalam ruang pablik berbagai advokasi KONTRAS tersebut telah mendorong perubahan perangkat hukum yang mempertahakan kekebalan hukum unsur militer. Meskipun kerangka ini masih membutuhkan upaya lebih jauh dalam mendesakkan perubahan yang lebih signifikan.

厦

CLOSING

Since its founding as an institution, the activities of KontraS as an Organization has entered it's fourth year. Nevertheless because of the trust and demands by the people, the cases of human rights violations that have taken place in the thirty two years have become the responsibility of KontraS. It is in this position that KontraS is pushing for the strategic changes in the national legal and political structure, especially to resolve the various human rights violations by means of establishing a Truth and Reconciliation Commission. In the public sphere, the various advocation activities by KontraS have promoted the changes in the legal instruments which maintains the legal immunity of the military element. Even though this framework still needs further efforts in order to bring about more significant changes.

CASES HANDLED:

• Legal Counsel and investigation team member in the case of Fermando Araujo Cs. in Denpasar. He was accused of plotting a revolt against the government to separate East Timor from Indonesia, 1992
• Legal Counsel in the case of Jose Antonio De Jesus Das Neves (Samalarua) in Malang, 1994, with the accusaton of revolt against the government to separate East Timor from Indonesia, 1994
• Legal Counsel for Marsinah's Family and a number of laborers of PT. CPS to indict KODAM V Brawijaya for their acts of violence and murder of Marsinah, the labor activist, 1994
• LegalCounsel for the people of Nipah Madura, in the case of demanding the accountability of the military for the killing of three Nipah farmers in Madura, East Java, 1993
• Legal Counsel for Sri Bintang Pamungkas (General Chairman of PUDI) in the case of the Criminal Act of Subversion, and the lawsuit at the Administrative Court (PTUN) for his dismissal as Lecturer in Jakarta, 1997

• Legal Counsel for Muchtar Pakpahan (GeneralChairman of SBSI) in the case of the Criminal Act of Subversion, Jakarta, 1997
  32

• Legal Counsel for Dita Indah Sari, Kun Chusen Pontoh, Sholeh (Chairman of PPBI and member of PRD) in the case of the Criminal Act of Subversion, Surabaya 1996.

• Legal Counsel for Students and Farmers inPasuruan in the case of the riots at PT. Chiel Samsung, the accusation was the Criminal Act of Instigation, 1995
• Legal Counsel for 22 Workers of PT. Maspion, in the case of Instigation to Strike in Sidoarjo, East Java, 1993

BRING THEM BACK !

Kontras

JI. Mendut No. 3 Jakarta Pusat

Telp. 021-3145940 · Fax : 021-3153881

E-mail: HYPERLINK mailto: [email protected]

www.desaparecidos.org/kontras

• Legal Counsel for DR. George Yunus Adicondro (Lecturer Satyawacana Christian University, Salatiga) in the case of insulting the government, Yogyakarta, 1994
• LegalCounsel for Muhadi (the driver who was accused of shooting a policemen following a clash between the police and Units of the Air Force) in Madiun, East Java, 1994
• Legal Counsel in the case of the dissappearances of 24 political activists and students in Jakarta 1997 through 1998.
• Legal Counsel in the case of the massacre of the member of the community in Tanjung Priok 1984, since 1997
• Legal Counsel in the case of the massacre of members of the community in Lampung 1989, since 1998.
• Legal Counsel in the case of the shooting of students in the Semanggi tragedy I and II, 1998 and 1999
• Member Commission of Inquiry for Human Rights Violations in East Timor, 1999

• Founder and initiator of the Foundation for Peace and Reconciliation (Lerai) which is handling the horizontal conflicts (Maluku etc)
  33

• Legal Counsel and Coordinator for the advocation of human rights violation cases in Aceh, West Papua, through KontraS (thousand of cases resulting from the military operations)

• Various cases of human rights violations in issues concerning Labor, Land, Environment and Civil and Political Rights.

KontraS

Unite to Strugglew

for Human Rights

and Democracy

KontraS

Unite to Strugylew

for Human Rights

and Democracyy